Containing diversion:
À travers les yeux d’Annie, enfant esclave dans l’Amérique déchirée par la guerre de Sécession, découvrez un récit bouleversant de liberté conquise.
Arms transfer control authorities are in an unenviable position.
Great responsibility is implied in each decision they make regarding the authorisation of the export of certain types and volumes of military goods or technology. A decision to deny the requested transfer licence prevents a company from supplying a customer abroad and is bad for business, while a decision to authorise the transfer might result in the goods being used for ill.
In an ideal world, arms export control authorities would have at their disposal accurate end-use documentation allowing them to judge whether the intended use is in line with the exporting country's national laws, as well as regional and international conventional arms control arrangements.
In the real world, however, they have all reasons to be aware that the arms may end up being used elsewhere, by others and for other ends.
Awareness of the risk that arms transfers may be diverted to other users and uses has become notably more articulated in recent years. A number of high level international initiatives are in the works to mitigate that risk. These seek to improve the reliability of end-use(r) documentation and ensure that relevant information is shared among concerned parties.
Before taking stock of these initiatives and outlining their context, this report first presents the state of play of arms export control practices in Europe and the United States. In this process, the report identifies where verification of end-use documentation, post-delivery control and actual end-use monitoring can be improved. It probes the progress made and reflects on what can realistically be achieved on the road ahead.
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Great responsibility is implied in each decision they make regarding the authorisation of the export of certain types and volumes of military goods or technology. A decision to deny the requested transfer licence prevents a company from supplying a customer abroad and is bad for business, while a decision to authorise the transfer might result in the goods being used for ill.
In an ideal world, arms export control authorities would have at their disposal accurate end-use documentation allowing them to judge whether the intended use is in line with the exporting country's national laws, as well as regional and international conventional arms control arrangements.
In the real world, however, they have all reasons to be aware that the arms may end up being used elsewhere, by others and for other ends.
Awareness of the risk that arms transfers may be diverted to other users and uses has become notably more articulated in recent years. A number of high level international initiatives are in the works to mitigate that risk. These seek to improve the reliability of end-use(r) documentation and ensure that relevant information is shared among concerned parties.
Before taking stock of these initiatives and outlining their context, this report first presents the state of play of arms export control practices in Europe and the United States. In this process, the report identifies where verification of end-use documentation, post-delivery control and actual end-use monitoring can be improved. It probes the progress made and reflects on what can realistically be achieved on the road ahead.
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Ce livre offre un témoignage authentique et rare d’une femme née esclave, qui raconte son enfance sur une plantation du Sud des États-Unis pendant la guerre de Sécession. Annie L. Burton y décrit avec une grande sensibilité la transition brutale vers la liberté après l’abolition de l’esclavage, ainsi que les difficultés rencontrées pour reconstruire sa vie et celle de sa famille. C’est un document historique précieux, qui allie récit personnel et réflexion sur l’identité, la dignité et la résilience.
L’auteure aborde des thèmes universels et historiques : l’esclavage et son héritage, la quête de liberté, la reconstruction identitaire après l’émancipation, et les défis économiques et sociaux des Afro-Américains au tournant du XXe siècle. Le récit explore aussi la place de la religion, de la poésie et des discours politiques dans la construction d’une fierté culturelle et d’un avenir possible.
Ce livre s’adresse à tous les lecteurs intéressés par l’histoire américaine, les récits autobiographiques, et les questions de justice sociale. Il est particulièrement recommandé aux étudiants, chercheurs, et passionnés de littérature afro-américaine. Son style accessible et poignant en fait aussi une lecture adaptée à un public large, souhaitant comprendre les enjeux de l’esclavage et de l’émancipation à travers un récit humain.
Vous pourrez interroger le smartbook sur le contexte historique de l’esclavage aux États-Unis, les détails de la vie quotidienne sur une plantation, les étapes clés de l’émancipation, ou encore l’impact des discours et poèmes cités par Annie L. Burton sur sa vision du monde. Vous pourrez aussi demander des analyses sur les thèmes de la liberté, de la religion, ou de la reconstruction identitaire après l’abolition.
tag Keywords
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