Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, le 14 décembre 1824 et mort le 24 octobre 1898, est un peintre français, considéré comme une figure majeure de la peinture française du XIXe siècle. Puvis de Chavannes réalise de grands décors muraux : au palais Longchamp à Marseille (1867-1869), à l'hôtel de ville de Poitiers (1870- 1875), à l'hôtel de ville de Paris (1887-1894), à la Bibliothèque publique de Boston (1881-1896), le Panthéon de Paris, où il traite de la vie de Sainte Geneviève (1874-1878) et (1893-1898) ; l'escalier du musée des beaux-arts de Lyon (1884-1886) avec le Bois sacré ; et enfin le grand décor de l'amphithéâtre de la Sorbonne à Paris (1886-1889), qui développe le thème du Bois sacré. Chacun de ces décors donne lieu à des études, copies, répliques, cartons préparatoires qui popularisent cette oeuvre décorative immense. Il conquiert l'admiration d'une génération entière, influençant non seulement les idéalistes tels qu'Odilon Redon, Henri Martin, mais aussi les Nabis, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat, Maurice Denis, et Pablo Picasso .En 1890, ilfonde avec Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonnier, et Auguste Rodin la Société nationale des beaux-arts.

Pierre Puvis de Chavannes is not a very well-known artist. Famous throughout his life yet quickly forgotten by the history of art, his work remains little-studied in comparison to the Impressionist masterpieces of the same period. His oeuvre, however, was crucial in France at the end of the 19th century, in particular his mural paintings which are still visible today in numerous important public buildings, such as the Hotel de Ville and the Pantheon in Paris, or the Pala is des Beaux-arts in Lyon. Puvis' specialty was monumental decorative works. He tackled traditional subjects from a more general angle and his works were accepted by all the artistic principles of the time. Far from being a cold and academic painter, he supported artists including Courbet, Bazile, and Degas when they were attacked by the critics. His oeuvre played an essential role in the construction of a national French identity in the 19th century. Today the glory of Puvis de Chavannes shines forth in uncontested splendour. No one dreams of comparing him with any of his contemporaries, because his art reveals no kinship with that of any one of them. He is recognized as the successor and the equal of the great fresco painters of the Italian Renaissance. Even to these he owes nothing, having borrowed nothing from them. But he shares with them his passionate love of truth, his nobility of inspiration and sincerity of execution.