Guerre et paix
Léon Tolstoï (1828-1910) « Eh bien, prince, que vous disais-je ? Gênes et Lucques sont devenues les propriétés de la famille Bonaparte. Aussi, je vous le déclare d'avance, vous cesserez d'être mon ami, mon fidèle esclave, comme vous dites, si vous continuez à nier la guerre et si vous vous obstinez à défendre plus longtemps les horreurs et les atrocités commises par cet Antéchrist..., car c'est l'Antéchrist en personne, j'en suis sûre ! Allons, bonjour, cher prince ; je vois que je vous fais peur... asseyez-vous ici, et causons... » Ainsi s'exprimait en juillet 1805 Anna Pavlovna Schérer, qui était demoiselle d'honneur de Sa Majesté l'impératrice Marie Féodorovna et qui faisait même partie de l'entourage intime de Sa Majesté. Ces paroles s'adressaient au prince Basile, personnage grave et officiel, arrivé le premier à sa soirée. Mlle Schérer toussait depuis quelques jours ; c'était une grippe, disait-elle (le mot « grippe » était alors une expression toute nouvelle et encore peu usitée). Un laquais en livrée rouge - la livrée de la cour - avait colporté le matin dans toute la ville des billets qui disaient invariablement : « Si vous n'avez rien de mieux à faire, monsieur le Comte ou Mon Prince, et si la perspective de passer la soirée chez une pauvre malade ne vous effraye pas trop, je serai charmée de vous voir chez moi entre sept et huit. Anna Schérer. » Tome I
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Léon Tolstoï
Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (; Russian: Лев Николаевич Толстой, IPA: ; 9 September [O.S. 28 August] 1828 – 20 November [O.S. 7 November] 1910), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential authors of all time.
Born to an aristocratic family, Tolstoy achieved acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, Childhood, Boyhood and Youth (1852–1856), and with Sevastopol Sketches (1855), based on his experiences in the Crimean War. War and Peace (1869), Anna Karenina (1878), and Resurrection (1899), which is based on his "youthful sins", are often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction and three of the greatest novels ever written. His oeuvre includes short stories such as "Alyosha the Pot" (1911) and "After the Ball" (1911) and novellas such as Family Happiness (1859), The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), The Kreutzer Sonata (1889), The Devil (1911), and Hadji Murat (1912). He also wrote plays and essays concerning philosophical, moral and religious themes.
In the 1870s, Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening, as outlined in his non-fiction work Confession (1882). His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. His ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1894), had a profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as Mahatma Gandhi, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Luther King Jr., and James Bevel. He also became a dedicated advocate of Georgism, the economic philosophy of Henry George, which he incorporated into his writing, particularly in Resurrection.
Tolstoy received praise from countless authors and critics, both during his lifetime and after. Virginia Woolf called Tolstoy "the greatest of all novelists", and Gary Saul Morson referred to War and Peace as the greatest of all novels. He received nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902, and 1909. Tolstoy never being awarded a Nobel Prize remains a major Nobel Prize controversy.
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![ebook cover of Anna Karénine [édition intégrale revue et mise à jour], by Léon Tolstoï](https://mysmartbook.fr/media/7d/3d/57/1775561766/anna-karenine-edition-integrale-revue-et-mise-a-jour-leon-tolstoi-9791023202021-cover.jpg?ts=1790064647 "ebook cover of Anna Karénine [édition intégrale revue et mise à jour], by Léon Tolstoï")
