EMMA
Emma est un roman de la femme de lettres anglaise Jane Austen, publié anonymement (A Novel. By the author of Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice) en décembre 1815. C'est un roman de moeurs, qui, au travers de la description narquoise des tentatives de l'héroïne pour faire rencontrer aux célibataires de son entourage le conjoint idéal, peint avec humour la vie et les problèmes de la classe provinciale aisée sous la Régence.
Emma Woodhouse, « belle, intelligente et riche » (handsome, clever and rich) a vingt-et-un ans. Elle habite la belle demeure de Hartfield, près du gros bourg de Highbury, avec son père âgé, hypocondriaque et veuf, entourée d'amis fidèles, tel Mr Knightley, son beau-frère, propriétaire du riche domaine voisin de Donwell Abbey. Son ancienne gouvernante, Miss Taylor, vient d'épouser un veuf fortuné, Mr Weston, dont le fils a été adopté tout jeune par son oncle et sa tante, les Churchill, avec qui il vit à Enscombe, dans le Yorkshire. Emma, persuadée d'être à l'origine du mariage de Miss Taylor, et d'avoir des talents d'entremetteuse, décide alors, pour occuper sa solitude, de faire épouser la jeune et jolie Harriet Smith, dont elle s'est entichée, par Mr Elton, le vicaire de Highbury. Mais pour ce faire, elle doit la détourner de son penchant pour Robert Martin, un jeune fermier plein de mérite...
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Emma Woodhouse, « belle, intelligente et riche » (handsome, clever and rich) a vingt-et-un ans. Elle habite la belle demeure de Hartfield, près du gros bourg de Highbury, avec son père âgé, hypocondriaque et veuf, entourée d'amis fidèles, tel Mr Knightley, son beau-frère, propriétaire du riche domaine voisin de Donwell Abbey. Son ancienne gouvernante, Miss Taylor, vient d'épouser un veuf fortuné, Mr Weston, dont le fils a été adopté tout jeune par son oncle et sa tante, les Churchill, avec qui il vit à Enscombe, dans le Yorkshire. Emma, persuadée d'être à l'origine du mariage de Miss Taylor, et d'avoir des talents d'entremetteuse, décide alors, pour occuper sa solitude, de faire épouser la jeune et jolie Harriet Smith, dont elle s'est entichée, par Mr Elton, le vicaire de Highbury. Mais pour ce faire, elle doit la détourner de son penchant pour Robert Martin, un jeune fermier plein de mérite...
Jane Austen
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English writer known primarily for her six novels, which implicitly interpret, critique, and comment on the English landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.
Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage for the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security. Her works are implicit critiques of the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism. Her use of social commentary, realism, wit, and irony have earned her acclaim amongst critics and scholars.
Austen wrote major novels before the age of 22, but she was not published until she was 35. The anonymously published Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), and Emma (1815) were moderate successes, but they did not bring her public fame in her lifetime. She wrote two other novels—Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1817—and began another, eventually titled Sanditon, but it was left unfinished on her death. She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript, the short epistolary novel Lady Susan, and the unfinished novel The Watsons.
Since her death Austen's novels have rarely been out of print. A significant transition in her reputation occurred in 1833, when they were republished in Richard Bentley's Standard Novels series (illustrated by Ferdinand Pickering and sold as a set). They gradually gained wide acclaim and popular readership. In 1869 her nephew published A Memoir of Jane Austen. Her work has inspired a large number of critical essays and has been included in many literary anthologies.
Her novels have been frequently adapted into film and television. Notable film adaptations include Pride and Prejudice (1940), Sense and Sensibility (1995), Emma (1996), Mansfield Park (1999), Bride and Prejudice (2004), Pride & Prejudice (2005), Love & Friendship (2016), and Emma (2020). Notable television adaptations include Persuasion (1995), Pride and Prejudice (1995), Northanger Abbey (2007), Persuasion (2007), Lost in Austen (2008), Sense and Sensibility (2008), Emma (2009), and Sanditon (2019–2023).
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