Le Capitaine Pamphile
La pauvre tortue Gazelle a été sauvée d'une épicerie puis donnée au peintre Deschamps. Alors que celui-là présente les autres animaux qu'il a recueillis (l'ours Tom, le singe Jacques Ier, et la grenouille Melle Camargo), Deschamps raconte lors d'une soirée entre artistes l'histoire de Jacques Ier ramené d'Afrique par un certain Pamphile. Capitaine d'un navire de commerce, Pamphile est un d'Artagnan sans foi ni loi. Piraterie, trafic d'ivoire et d'esclaves, le capitaine est prêt à tout pour amasser une fortune considérable.«Le Capitaine Pamphile» est un roman d'aventures qui révèle la noirceur des hommes du XIXème siècle. D'une plume ironique et humoristique, Dumas condamne l'esclavage et la maltraitance en tout genre.Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870) est un écrivain français. Son père, général de la révolution française, meurt alors que Dumas a trois ans. Sa grand-mère est une esclave ou affranchie noire. Il fait ainsi face au racisme dès son plus jeune âge. Peu doué à l'école, il est surtout instruit par ses lectures religieuses, et des lectures populaires. En 1819, il rencontre Adolphe de Leuven qui l'initie à la poésie, et avec qui il écrira les vaudevilles. Pour échapper au racisme, il s'enfuit à Paris, y devient clerc de notaire et découvre la Comédie-Française. Puis il se consacre au théâtre avec «La Chasse et l'Amour», en 1825, qui connaît un grand succès. Après une série de voyage, il s'essaye au feuilleton avec «Les Trois mousquetaire» en 1844. Commence là un travail effréné: il n'arrête plus. En seulement sept ans il publie «Le Comte de Monte-Cristo» (1844-1846), «La Reine Margot» (1844-1845), «Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge» (1845-1846), «La Dame de Monsoreau» (1845-1846)...
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Alexandre Dumas
Alexandre Dumas (born Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas père, was a French novelist and playwright.
His works have been translated into many languages and he is one of the most widely read French authors. Many of his historical novels of adventure were originally published as serials, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. He also wrote many plays and, since the early 20th century, many of his novels have been adapted into films. Prolific in several genres, Dumas began his career by writing plays, which were successfully produced from the first. He wrote numerous magazine articles and travel books; his published works totalled 100,000 pages. In the 1840s, Dumas founded the Théâtre Historique in Paris.
His father, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, né Davy de la Pailleterie, was born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) to Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a French nobleman, and Marie-Cessette Dumas, an African slave. At age 14, Thomas-Alexandre was taken by his father to France, where he was given his freedom, educated in a military academy, and entered the military for what became an illustrious career.
Alexandre acquired work with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, then as a writer, a career that led to his early success. Decades later, after the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in 1851, Dumas fell from favour and left France for Belgium, where he stayed for several years. He moved to Russia for a few years and then to Italy. In 1861, he founded and published the newspaper L'Indépendant, which supported Italian unification. He returned to Paris in 1864.
English playwright Watts Phillips, who knew Dumas in his later life, described him as "the most generous, large-hearted being in the world. He also was the most delightfully amusing and egotistical creature on the face of the earth. His tongue was like a windmill—once set in motion, you would never know when he would stop, especially if the theme was himself."
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