L'Ingénu
Un Indien d'Amérique débarque en Bretagne. À travers le regard qu'il porte sur la société, voilà que nous aussi nous commençons à la voir d'un oeil neuf. En 1767, L'Ingénu de Voltaire met pour la première fois en oeuvre ce procédé satirique qui fit fortune : le bon sauvage plongé dans un monde dit civilisé fait éclater l'artifice des apparences et des préjugés. Et nous prenons peu à peu conscience, à la lecture de ce conte faussement badin, de la cruauté cachée des hommes et de la fagilité des conventions
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Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (French: ; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his pen name Voltaire (, US also ; French: ), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian. Famous for his wit and his criticism of Christianity (especially of the Catholic Church) and of slavery, Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
Voltaire was a versatile and prolific writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays, histories, and even scientific expositions. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and 2,000 books and pamphlets. Voltaire was one of the first authors to become renowned and commercially successful internationally. He was an outspoken advocate of civil liberties and was at constant risk from the strict censorship laws of the Catholic French monarchy. His polemics witheringly satirized intolerance and religious dogma, as well as the French institutions of his day. His best-known work and magnum opus, Candide, is a novella that comments on, criticizes, and ridicules many events, thinkers and philosophies of his time, most notably Gottfried Leibniz and his belief that our world is of necessity the "best of all possible worlds".
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