L'École des femmes
Arnolphe prétend qu'une femme ne peut être sage et vertueuse qu'autant qu'elle est ignorante et niaise. Aussi, pour avoir une épouse à sa guise, il fait élever sa jeune pupille, Agnès, au fond de sa maison, sous la garde d'un valet et d'une servante aussi niais qu'elle. La jeune Agnès, qui a été élevée dans la plus grossière ignorance, se fatigue bientôt de l'isolement où on la retient. S'étant mise un jour à la fenêtre, elle aperçoit un beau jeune homme qui la salue ; elle, qui ignore jusqu'aux plus simples convenances, rend le salut qu'on lui fait et se laisse bientôt prendre au bel air et aux belles paroles du jeune Horace. On rit du supplice où tes confidences d'Horace mettent le pauvre Arnolphe qui finit par faire pitié, tant il est puni de son système d'éducation. Le génie comique de Molière n'a pas pris une ride. Cet auteur sait corriger les moeurs par le rire, pointer les travers de nos contemporains avec justesse, et les thèmes de ses oeuvres n'ont pas pris une ride, quelques centaines d'années après leur création.
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Molière
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (French pronunciation: ; 15 January 1622 (baptised) – 17 February 1673), known by his stage name Molière (UK: , US: ; French: ), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the French language and world literature. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today. His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molière".
Born into a prosperous family and having studied at the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was well suited to begin a life in the theatre. Thirteen years as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic abilities while he began writing, combining Commedia dell'arte elements with the more refined French comedy.
Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother of Louis XIV—Molière procured a command performance before the King at the Louvre. Performing a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce of his own, The Doctor in Love, Molière was granted the use of the grande salle of the Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. Later, he was granted the use of the theatre in the Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as The Affected Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives. This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title Troupe du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments.
Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism from other circles. For Tartuffe's impiety, the Catholic Church in France denounced this study of religious hypocrisy, which was followed by a ban by the Parlement, while Dom Juan was withdrawn and never restaged by Molière. His hard work in so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his health and, by 1667, he was forced to take a break from the stage. In 1673, during a production of his final play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molière, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan; he finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later.
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